Statement to Determine Profit (Incomplete Records)
The Statement to Determine Profit is used in the Incomplete Records topic under the Comparison Method to find net profit or net loss when a business does not keep complete double-entry records. It is based on the accounting equation, comparing Closing Capital with Opening Capital and adjusting for drawings and additional capital. It is applied when only opening capital, closing capital, drawings and additional capital are known.
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Blank format
| Particulars | RM |
|---|---|
| xx (Business Name) | |
| Statement to Determine Profit | |
| for the year ended xx | |
| Closing Capital | XX |
| Add: Drawings | XX |
| XX | |
| Less: Additional Capital | XX |
| XX | |
| Less: Opening Capital | XX |
| Net Profit | XX |
Begin with the centred three-line heading: business name, 'Statement to Determine Profit', and 'for the year ended ...'. Arrange the items vertically starting with Closing Capital, then add Drawings, less Additional Capital and less Opening Capital, ruling each subtotal before the final Net Profit is double-underlined.
Parts of the format
- Three-line heading
- Business name, the statement title 'Statement to Determine Profit', and the period 'for the year ended', centred with no RM sign.
- Closing Capital
- The starting figure of the statement, obtained from Total Assets less Total Liabilities at the year end.
- Add: Drawings
- Drawings are added back because they reduced capital but are not a business expense.
- Less: Additional Capital
- Additional capital is deducted because it increased closing capital but did not arise from profit.
- Less: Opening Capital
- Opening capital is deducted to isolate the change in capital caused by business operations.
- Net Profit
- The final answer; if negative it becomes Net Loss and is double-underlined.
Filled example
Encik Zaidi owns Kedai Runcit Maju Jaya. On 1 January 2025 his opening capital was RM50,000 and on 31 December 2025 his closing capital was RM78,000; during the year he took drawings of RM12,000 and injected additional capital of RM8,000.
| Particulars | RM |
|---|---|
| Kedai Runcit Maju Jaya | |
| Statement to Determine Profit | |
| for the year ended 31 December 2025 | |
| Closing Capital | 78,000 |
| Add: Drawings | 12,000 |
| 90,000 | |
| Less: Additional Capital | 8,000 |
| 82,000 | |
| Less: Opening Capital | 50,000 |
| Net Profit | 32,000 |
Common layout errors
Related chapters and procedures
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